2021-12-30 21:07:57534浏览
椎弓根钉准确性的CT评价方法主要有如下几种。置钉失败可造成灾难性的后果,估计大家都听过坊间传闻:那个医院钉子打穿了主动脉,那个大腕钉子打瘫了脊髓。打瘫了基本上麻醉醒了就知道了,很少发生钉子碰到脊髓慢慢发生神经症状的情况。
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迟发性术后神经损害(delayed postoperative neurologic deficits, DPND),指术后数小时、数天、数月出现的神经损害,在脊柱畸形中有数篇(我查到7篇)case series报道。迟发性术后神经损害的原因大多数情况下是不清楚的(42%),其他原因包括缺血(38%)、脊髓压迫(16%)、水肿(9%)、血肿(4%)、硬膜缝合过紧(2%)。有意思的是:报道有7%的病人是由内固定引起的。内固定引起的迟发性脊髓损伤不好理解,终于还是看到了一篇有图有真相的文章。
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病例报告。19岁男性,脊柱侧凸手术,T2-L1固定,置钉过程SEP正常,矫形上第二根棒时波幅下降90%,唤醒下肢不能活动。减少矫形度数后波幅没有完全恢复,术后病人没有神经症状。6月后病人逐渐出现痉挛性瘫痪表现,下肢肌力4级,肌张力增高,病理征阳性。CT和MRI显示左侧T5椎弓根钉进入椎管。翻修手术取出左侧T5钉子,3月后脊髓症状消失。
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评论。此例病人T5左侧是凹侧,脊髓也应该靠近左侧的凹侧,左侧钉子完全进入椎管,理论上钉子应该横断了脊髓,而不只是压迫。但病人没有神经症状,有些不好理解。虽然有矢状位MRI,但没有轴位片,文中钉子和脊髓的关系实际上没有明确。最引起读者好奇心的地方没有交待,作者和reviewer都该面壁。但无论如何,还是长了见识,以后置钉应该更加谨慎。